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Subnetting refers to the subdividing of a network into logical groups often done for efficiency by reducing congestion and security by using access control methods. A subnetwork is more localised and compact than a main network.

The table below shows different subnet possibilities for a Class C IP network. There are other Classes of networks, but for the purposes of illustration the following highlights Class C.

There is always a trade off between the network address size (number of subnetworks possible) and the number of hosts within that subnetwork

 

 

Example IP address of 192.168.1.0/26 (Parent)

From the table above we know that our network portion of the parent IP address is 192.168.1.0.

The /26 provides:

Subnets: 4

IP addresses: 64 for each subnet group, of which 62 can be assigned to host devices (logical of physical), as the first and last IP number of each subnet group is for network number and broadcast identifiers.